Margaret Thatcher "The Iron Lady"
The
first female prime minister of Britain, Margaret Thatcher was a controversial
figurehead of conservative ideology during her time in office.
Born on October 13, 1925, in
Grantham, England, Margaret Thatcher became Britain's Conservative Party leader
and in 1979 was elected prime minister, the first woman to hold the position.
During her three terms, she cut social welfare programs, reduced trade union
power and privatized certain industries. Thatcher resigned in 1991 due to
unpopular policy and power struggles in her party. She died on April 8, 2013,
at age 87.
Politician and former British
prime minister Margaret Thatcher was born as Margaret Hilda Roberts on October
13, 1925, in Grantham, England. Nicknamed the "Iron Lady," Thatcher
served as the prime minister of England from 1979 to 1990. The daughter of a
local businessman, she was educated at a local grammar school, Grantham Girls'
High School. Her family operated a grocery store and they all lived in an
apartment above the store. In her early years, Thatcher was introduced to
conservative politics by her father, who was a member of the town's council.
A good student, Thatcher was
accepted to Oxford University, where she studied chemistry at Somerville
College. One of her instructors was the Dorothy Hodgkin, a Nobel Prize-winning
scientist. Politically active in her youth, Thatcher served as president of the
Conservative Association at the university. She earned a degree in chemistry in
1947, and went on to work as a research chemist in Colchester. Later, she
worked as a research chemist in Dartford.
Two years after graduating from
college, Thatcher made her first bid for public office. She ran as the
conservative candidate for a Dartford parliamentary seat in the 1950 elections.
Thatcher knew from the start that it would be nearly impossible to win the
position away from the liberal Labour Party. Still she earned the respect of
her political party peers with her speeches. Defeated, Thatcher remained
undaunted, trying again the following year, but once more her efforts were
unsuccessful. Two months after her loss, she married Denis Thatcher.
In 1952, Thatcher put politics
aside for a time to study law. She and her husband welcomed twins Carol and
Mark the next year. After completing her training, Thatcher qualified as a
barrister, a type of lawyer, in 1953. But she didn't stay away from the
political arena for too long. Thatcher won a seat in the House of Commons in
1959, representing Finchley.
Clearly a woman on the rise,
Thatcher was appointed parliamentary under secretary for pensions and national
insurance in 1961. When the Labour Party assumed control of the government, she
became a member of what is called the Shadow Cabinet, a group of political
leaders who would hold Cabinet-level posts if their party was in power.
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